explaining the sense of space with a phenomenological approach

studies addressing such concepts as place, sense of place, place attachment, place identity, place dependence, rootedness, genius loci, topophilia, and place-making can be found in count-less disciplinary and applied fields devoted to the design, planning, stewardship, and restoration of places that vary in kind and scale from homes, neighborhoods, and cities to parks, and ecosystems. this article identifies opportunities and challenges to using sense of place as motivation for long-term stewardship at multiple spatial scales in a rapidly changing world. sense of place reflects processes by which individuals or groups identify, attach to, depend on, and modify places, as well as the meanings, values, and feelings that individuals or groups associate with a place. the results of research show that an overview of the defined sense of place shows that sense of place is a result of the relationship of man, his mental imaginations, and environmental characteristics. the concept, on the one hand, is rooted in the subjective experiences such as memories, traditions, history, culture, and society. it can be affected by the objective and external effects in the environment such as design, landscape, smell, and sound, on the other hand. accordingly, sense of place is a complicated concept of the human feelings and attachment towards the environment that is produced due to the adaptation and use of place by the human. it means that sense of place has not been a predetermined event but results from the human interaction with the environment.